# Archive/proxy
#	Marine sediment
#--------------------
# Contribution Date
#	Date: 2012-10-16 01:54:36
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study Name: MD95-2011 Norwegian Sea Marine sediment Diatoms
#--------------------
#	Investigators: 
#--------------------
# Description and Notes
#--------------------
# Publication
#	Citation: Berner, K. S. and Koç, N. and Godtliebsen, F. and Divine, D.
#	Journal Name: Paleoceanography
#	Published Title: Holocene climate variability of the Norwegian Atlantic Current during high and low solar insolation forcing
#	Published Date: 2011
#	DOI: 10.1029/2010PA002002
#	Abstract: A high-resolution sediment core from the V\oring Plateau has been studied to document the centennial to millennial variability of the surface water conditions during the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) and the late Holocene period (LHP) in order to evaluate the effects of solar insolation on surface ocean climatology. Quantitative August summer sea surface temperatures (SSSTs) with a time resolution of 2–40 years are reconstructed by using three different diatom transfer function methods. Spectral- and scale-space methods are applied to the records to explore the variability present in the time series at different time scales. The SSST development in core MD95-2011 shows a delayed response to Northern Hemisphere maximum summer insolation at  11,000 years B.P. The record shows the maximum SSST of the HCO to be from 7.3 to 8.9 kyr B.P., which implies that the site was located in the regional warm water pool removed from the oceanic fronts and Arctic waters. Superimposed on the general cooling trend are higher-frequency variabilities at time scales of 80–120, 210–320, 320–640, and 640–1280 years. The climate variations at the time scale of 320–640 years are documented both for periods of high and low solar orbital insolation. We found evidence that the submillennial-scale mode of variability (640–900 years) in SSST evident during the LHP is directly associated with varying solar forcing. At the shorter scale of 260–450 years, the SSST during the LHP displays a lagged response to solar forcing with a phase-locked behavior indicating the existence of a feedback mechanism in the climate system triggered by variations in the solar constant as well as the role of the thermal inertia of the ocean. The abruptness of the cooling events in the LHP, especially pronounced during the onsets of the Holocene Cold Period I (approximately 2300 years B.P.) and the Little Ice Age (approximately 550 years B.P.), can be explained by a shutdown of deep convection in the Nordic Seas in response to negative solar insolation anomalies. These cooling events are on the order of 1.5°C.
#----------------------
#	Science Keywords: PAGES 2k Network, PAGES Arctic 2k, Arctic 2k, temperature, decadal resolution
#-------------------- 
# Site Name
#	Region: North Atlantic
#	Country: Norwegian Sea
#	Northmost Latitude: 66.97
# 	Southmost Latitude: 66.97
# 	Eastmost Longitute: 7.64
# 	Westmost Longitute: 7.64
# 	Elevation: 0
#------------------
# Data Collection  
#	Core Name: MD95-2011
#	First Year: -4076.1
#	Last Year: 1995.4
#	Time Unit: AD
#------------------
#  Searchable Controlled Keywords
#	>paleocean>reconstruction>Sea Surface Temperature (C) 
#----------------
# Variables 
#	age_AD	Age (years AD)
#	sst	Sea Surface Temperature (C)
# 
age_AD	sst
1995.4	10.2475
1991.1	9.93495
1985.1	10.3486
1979.9	10.8137
1975	10.3069
1970.1	10.1987
1965	10.6744
1960	10.4874
1955.2	10.4802
1950.6	10.4316
1946.4	10.3441
1942.6	10.1976
1939.2	9.94177
1936.2	10.2465
1933.7	10.3091
1931.8	10.5021
1930.3	9.71059
1928.9	10.1213
1927.2	10.6279
1924.6	10.3989
1920.7	10.1562
1915.2	10.3988
1908	9.97116
1899.3	9.81941
1889.2	10.4567
1877.8	10.0531
1865.2	10.6238
1851.6	10.1062
1837	10.5741
1821.5	10.1164
1805.3	10.6032
1788.5	10.5351
1771.3	10.3872
1753.6	10.3021
1735.6	10.3557
1717.5	9.98546
1699.4	10.2224
1681.3	10.3182
1663.4	10.1751
1645.8	10.5092
1628.5	10.1342
1611.9	9.60502
1595.8	10.2526
1580.5	9.93182
1566	10.1033
1552.4	10.1318
1539.5	9.90972
1527.3	9.62181
1515.8	10.1878
1504.9	9.61285
1494.6	9.8807
1484.9	10.2089
1475.6	10.0801
1466.7	10.0051
1458.2	9.97152
1450	9.80507
1442.2	9.30174
1434.6	10.0989
1427.1	9.66697
1419.8	9.79304
1414	9.78687
1409.7	10.1931
1405.3	9.49782
1401	9.99325
1396.6	10.0112
1392.1	9.57557
1387.7	9.79503
1383.1	10.3716
1378.5	10.7675
1373.9	10.3015
1369.2	10.7571
1364.5	10.9221
1359.6	10.6962
1354.7	10.4108
1349.8	10.3792
1344.7	10.6756
1339.6	10.2003
1329.2	10.7035
1323.8	10.0836
1318.3	10.1802
1312.8	10.2853
1307.1	9.73541
1301.4	10.6234
1295.5	10.3526
1289.5	10.5218
1283.4	10.1007
1277.2	10.3398
1270.9	10.9197
1264.5	9.97714
1257.9	10.3431
1251.2	10.4352
1244.4	10.4536
1237.5	10.2456
1230.4	10.458
1223.3	10.2323
1216	9.90654
1208.5	10.0018
1201	10.1752
1193.3	10.1555
1185.5	10.31
1177.6	9.97843
1169.5	9.92545
1161.3	10.0838
1153	10.2683
1144.5	10.2706
1135.9	10.2555
1127.2	10.2683
1118.4	10.2706
1109.5	10.4437
1100.4	10.6707
1091.2	10.5718
1082	10.636
1072.6	10.4771
1063.1	10.1984
1053.5	10.8871
1043.9	10.4754
1034.1	10.4251
1024.2	10.2876
1014.3	10.4069
1004.2	10.5756
994	10.9428
983.8	10.5078
973.4	10.3748
963	10.0874
952.4	10.5621
941.8	10.29
931.1	10.4755
920.2	10.8161
909.3	10.7187
898.3	11.2032
887.2	11.31
876	10.9428
864.7	10.6819
853.4	11.2742
841.9	10.5021
830.4	10.6746
818.8	10.7136
807.1	10.4963
795.3	10.7422
783.4	10.3953
771.5	10.3976
759.5	10.5862
747.4	10.0343
735.2	10.4764
722.9	10.0496
710.6	10.1461
698.2	10.1856
685.8	10.9432
673.3	10.2439
660.7	10.2711
648	10.5614
635.3	10.3516
622.6	10.038
609.8	10.4802
596.9	10.5782
584	10.6686
571.1	10.7675
558.1	10.4535
545.2	11.1143
532.1	10.4365
519.1	10.1557
506	10.4445
493	10.7043
479.9	10.6502
466.8	10.1643
453.8	10.5446
440.7	10.3205
427.7	10.3155
414.6	10.5336
401.6	10.5491
388.6	10.3853
375.7	10.6336
362.8	10.4685
349.9	10.3814
337.1	10.419
324.3	10.4213
311.6	10.5253
299	10.2192
286.4	10.4339
273.9	10.5301
261.4	10.6715
249.1	9.83745
236.8	10.4076
224.5	10.325
212.4	10.4571
200.3	9.73376
188.3	10.4793
176.3	10.5719
164.5	10.1528
152.7	10.4474
141	10.2335
129.3	10.6345
117.7	10.5028
106.2	10.1434
94.7	10.4129
83.3	10.5912
71.9	10.7858
60.6	10.0252
49.2	10.4125
38	10.1536
26.7	10.0339
15.5	10.6027
4.4	10.0681
-6.8	9.65882
-17.9	10.3951
-29.1	9.54885
-40.2	9.67012
-51.3	9.60315
-62.4	9.71098
-73.5	9.48452
-84.6	10.017
-95.7	9.73464
-106.8	9.91332
-118	10.1948
-129.1	10.0309
-140.2	9.83135
-151.4	10.0682
-162.5	9.67069
-207.3	9.94772
-218.5	9.62563
-229.7	9.60868
-240.9	10.0657
-252.2	10.0743
-263.5	10.2374
-274.7	9.57675
-286	10.2945
-297.4	10.6303
-308.7	10.1232
-320.1	10.3832
-331.5	10.5741
-354.3	10.968
-365.8	10.6731
-377.3	10.5228
-388.8	10.7139
-412	10.626
-435.3	11.0266
-470.6	10.8237
-482.5	10.6189
-494.4	10.1534
-518.3	10.4828
-554.7	10.9106
-566.9	10.7186
-591.6	10.3963
-604	10.3731
-616.5	11.6938
-629	9.7568
-654.4	10.2462
-667.1	11.6827
-680	10.6295
-705.9	10.5954
-732.1	9.95749
-745.4	10.9836
-758.7	10.8332
-785.6	10.6502
-799.2	11.1408
-812.9	11.519
-840.5	11.1347
-868.6	11.4579
-882.7	11.1129
-897	10.7321
-940.5	10.4353
-955.2	11.3509
-970	10.4546
-984.9	10.1519
-1015	10.468
-1030.3	10.83
-1187.6	11.1867
-1269.3	11.0089
-1319.1	10.7335
-1352.7	11.4751
-1437.4	11.0579
-1523.2	10.3079
-1609.6	10.3525
-1696.4	10.9188
-1783.2	11.4397
-1870.1	11.1998
-1957.2	11.4062
-2044.7	11.6514
-2132.5	11.7281
-2220.8	12.1743
-2309.6	12.3681
-2398.9	11.6031
-2488.8	11.8166
-2670.2	12.4297
-2761.5	12.8101
-2853	12.8988
-2944.4	12.775
-3035.6	11.7545
-3126.5	11.9068
-3216.7	12.4672
-3306.2	12.8888
-3394.7	12.887
-3482.3	13.2183
-3569	12.8591
-3654.9	13.709
-3740.2	12.1108
-3824.9	12.4585
-3909	13.0783
-3992.8	13.2063
-4076.1	12.5595